File System:The way the files are organized on the disk that is Hard Disk.
Platter : As shown in below image there are multiple Platter. Data is stored in Platter inside Hard disk.
Platter is just like CD but the data is written on both sides, unlike CD in which data is written on only one side.
Platter: (just like CD- writable on both sides in HD). contains multiple Tracks , Below image is one Platter (just like CD- writable on both sides in HD).
Track: There are multiple Tracks inside Platter.
What is Hard Disk Sector:
Sector is a part of Platter, One Sector = 512 bytes. refer above image.
File system blocks:
It gives us below information:
- Hard Disk internal Image:
Platter : As shown in below image there are multiple Platter. Data is stored in Platter inside Hard disk.
Platter is just like CD but the data is written on both sides, unlike CD in which data is written on only one side.
Platter: (just like CD- writable on both sides in HD). contains multiple Tracks , Below image is one Platter (just like CD- writable on both sides in HD).
Track: There are multiple Tracks inside Platter.
What is Hard Disk Sector:
Sector is a part of Platter, One Sector = 512 bytes. refer above image.
File system blocks:
- Blocks is combination of multiple sectors.
- It is group of sectors.
It gives us below information:
- Name of File
- File Size
- Where it is stored in Hard Disk
- Each file is stored in unused sector of Track inside Platter inside Hard disk.
Pendrive also called as USB or USB Flash Stick or USB Flash drive.
File System is a Table where information is stored.
Types of File System:
1) FAT (File Allocation Table):
FAT12 was used for old floppy disks. FAT16 (or simply FAT) and FAT32 are widely used for flash memory cards and USB flash sticks. It is supported by mobile phones, digital cameras and other portable devices.
FAT or FAT32 is a file system, used on Windows-compatible external storages or disk partitions with size below 2GB (for FAT) or 32GB (for FAT32). Windows can not create FAT32 file system over 32GB (however Linux supports FAT32 up to 2TB).
2) NTFS (New Technology File System):
NTFS was introduced in Windows NT and at present is major file system for Windows.
3) ReFS (Resilient File System):
ReFS is the latest development of Microsoft presently available for Windows 8 Servers.
it is Copy-on-Write (CoW): no metadata is modified without being copied; no data is written over the existing ones and rather into a new disk space. With any file modifications a new copy of metadata is created into any free storage space, and then the system creates a link from older metadata to the newer ones. As a result a system stores significant quantity of older backups in different places which provides for easy file recovery unless this storage space is overwritten.
4)
MacOS file systems
Apple Mac OS operating system applies HFS+ file system, an extension to their own HFS file system that was used on old Macintosh computers.
Linux file systems
Open-source Linux OS always aimed to implement, test and use different concepts of file systems. Among huge amount of various file system types the most popular Linux file systems nowadays are:
The most common file system for these OS is UFS (Unix File System) also often referred to FFS (Fast File System – fast compared to a previous file system used for Unix). UFS is a source of ideas for many other file system implementations.
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RAID:
Redundant Array of Independent Disk
CD ROM:
"Compact Disc Read-Only Memory". Computers can read CD-ROMs, but cannot write to CD-ROMs which are not writable or erasable.
optical compact disc which contains data.
L
ROM:
ROM stands for read-only memory. It's used to store the start-up instructions for a computer, also known as the firmware. Most modern computers use flash-based ROM. It is part of the BIOS chip, which is located on the motherboard.
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The BIOS Is What The Computer Runs When It's First Booted And Is Responsable For Initializing A Computer Once That's Done it Hands off The Boot Sequence To The Hard Drive Where The OS (Windows) Is Located.
File System is a Table where information is stored.
Types of File System:
1) FAT (File Allocation Table):
FAT12 was used for old floppy disks. FAT16 (or simply FAT) and FAT32 are widely used for flash memory cards and USB flash sticks. It is supported by mobile phones, digital cameras and other portable devices.
FAT or FAT32 is a file system, used on Windows-compatible external storages or disk partitions with size below 2GB (for FAT) or 32GB (for FAT32). Windows can not create FAT32 file system over 32GB (however Linux supports FAT32 up to 2TB).
2) NTFS (New Technology File System):
NTFS was introduced in Windows NT and at present is major file system for Windows.
3) ReFS (Resilient File System):
ReFS is the latest development of Microsoft presently available for Windows 8 Servers.
it is Copy-on-Write (CoW): no metadata is modified without being copied; no data is written over the existing ones and rather into a new disk space. With any file modifications a new copy of metadata is created into any free storage space, and then the system creates a link from older metadata to the newer ones. As a result a system stores significant quantity of older backups in different places which provides for easy file recovery unless this storage space is overwritten.
4)
MacOS file systems
Apple Mac OS operating system applies HFS+ file system, an extension to their own HFS file system that was used on old Macintosh computers.
Linux file systems
Open-source Linux OS always aimed to implement, test and use different concepts of file systems. Among huge amount of various file system types the most popular Linux file systems nowadays are:
- Ext2, Ext3, Ext4 - 'native' Linux file system. This file system falls under active developments and improvements. Ext3 file system is just an extension to Ext2 that uses transactional file write operations with journal. Ext4
is a further development of Ext3, extended with support of optimized
file allocation information (extents) and extended file attributes. This
file system is frequently used as 'root' file system for most Linux installations.
- ReiserFS - alternative Linux file system designed to store huge amount of small files.
It has good capability of files search and enables compact files
allocation by storing file tails or small files along with metadata in
order not to use large file system blocks for this purpose.
- XFS - file system derived from SGI company that
initially used it for their IRIX servers. Now XFS specifications are
implemented in Linux. XFS file system has great performance and is
widely used to store files.
- JFS - file system developed by IBM for their powerful computing systems. JFS one usually stands for JFS, JFS2 is the second edition. Currently this file system is open-source and is implemented in most modern Linux distributions.
The most common file system for these OS is UFS (Unix File System) also often referred to FFS (Fast File System – fast compared to a previous file system used for Unix). UFS is a source of ideas for many other file system implementations.
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RAID:
Redundant Array of Independent Disk
CD ROM:
"Compact Disc Read-Only Memory". Computers can read CD-ROMs, but cannot write to CD-ROMs which are not writable or erasable.
optical compact disc which contains data.
L
ROM:
ROM stands for read-only memory. It's used to store the start-up instructions for a computer, also known as the firmware. Most modern computers use flash-based ROM. It is part of the BIOS chip, which is located on the motherboard.
l
The BIOS Is What The Computer Runs When It's First Booted And Is Responsable For Initializing A Computer Once That's Done it Hands off The Boot Sequence To The Hard Drive Where The OS (Windows) Is Located.
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